Downgauging or lightweighting is an important cost concern for all packaging manufacturers. Lightweighting is achieved by reducing the raw material volume used in packaging. It is important that using ...

A material’s hardness relates to its mechanical resistance when subjected to mechanical indentation by another harder body. Diamond is considered the hardest natural material and is typically used for ...

Mechanically fastened joints are often used in structures, including composite structures, to transfer load from one portion of the structure to another. This load is primarily transferred by bearing ...