Most of us who have dabbled a little in electronics will have made our own printed circuit boards at some point. We’ll have rubbed on sticky transfers, laser-printed onto acetate, covered our clothing ...

The evolution of PCBs from large and antiquated “printed wiring boards” to today’s fine-line designs on high-density interconnect (HDI) PCBs, IC substrates (ICS) and more, has been matched by ...

Printed circuit board (PCB) is a fundamental component used in virtually all electronic devices, providing the physical platform for mounting and connecting electronic components such as resistors, ...

Testing is a key element of printed-circuit-board (PCB) design. If PCB testing is used at all stages of the production process, manufacturers can save resources and increase productivity by ensuring ...

It has taken almost a decade for automated optical inspection (AOI) systems to establish their place on PCB production lines. In the same period, the number of AOI vendors and the variety of AOI ...