Fluid dynamics is the study of the motion of liquids, gases and plasmas. Flow is dependent on the intrinsic properties of the matter itself, such as compressibility, viscosity and density. Example ...

Molecular dynamics is a method that uses Newton’s equations of motion to computationally simulate the time evolution of a set of interacting atoms. Such techniques are dependent on a description of ...

Jan. 17, 2026 Scientists are uncovering a hidden and surprisingly complex earthquake zone beneath Northern California by tracking swarms of tiny earthquakes that are far too weak to feel. These faint ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Gordon Scott has been an active investor and ...

Abstract: Integrated energy systems face challenges such as inconsistent equipment parameters, unmeasurable data, and complex coupling mechanisms. To address these issues, this paper develops an ...

Abstract: Mining-induced subsidence is a complex deformation process influenced by both human activities and natural factors, making accurate prediction essential. Conventional methods face challenges ...